Help:Introduction

Technically, this wiki is an analytical, selected list, with comments, of works useful for the study of the human/machine interface in SF, stressing English-language works produced 1895 to the present. It will help users of the List and wiki if we review here the key elements of this technical title.

Analytical
This List is divided into the following sections, with works arranged alphabetically within each section (we place in bold-face the brief names of sections; we ordinarily use the brief names for cross-references in the List):

 Reference Works Anthologies and Collections Fiction Literary Criticism Stage, Screen, and Television Drama Stage, Screen, and Television Drama Criticism Graphic and Plastic Arts Music</li> Background Reading</li> </ol>

Where we think it will aid users to do so, we have cross-listed items, referring you by name to the relevant section and again by name to the entry within that section.

Selected
The entries on the Clockworks Wiki are extensive but by no means exhaustive. Users of the List desiring additional titles should consult the reference works listed in Section I, plus resources on line (some of which we link, and to whom we are grateful). Users who wish to recommend additional titles should consult How to Use this Wiki for instructions for adding titles. And, of course, users of the Clockworks 2 wiki should suggest corrections and additions to existing citations.

List
Besides being a bibliography (a list of books and other writings), our List and wiki handle filmography, videography, discography, and "graphography": we cite films, television shows, materials on records and audiotapes, and works in the graphic and plastic arts. And miscellaneous background items.

Comments
We provide comments with almost all citations; in particular, we often cite critical and reference works that summarize and discuss primary works. On a few occasions, we provide brief cautions about possible errors in works, or about content that we find at least problematic in recent works.

Note that the length of comments does not indicate the importance of works annotated. Some highly important works can be dealt with quite quickly (e.g., by referring readers to detailed analyses); some obscure works need relatively long annotations precisely because they are obscure (often deservedly so) but potentially significant for some research projects.

Works Useful
Again, we provide only a selection of works. For the initial Wiki we attempted to cover most of the classic SF works and a number of lesser-known works; we also include in the primary works sections of the List and wiki a number of works that are not SF but still useful for the study of SF. Under Background we cite materials that will familiarize users with some of the social, political, and philosophical issues alluded to in the primary works using the theme of this volume.

For the Study of the Human/Machine Interface
We privilege humans in defining "useful works" in dealing with "the human/machine interface," often referring readers and users to works where our relationship with machines tells us something about the human—either as an eternal essence (if you believe) or a historically constructed category. How many prosthetics can we add to human beings before those human beings become cyborgs? Would it be well if more of us became cyborgs, helping to break down categories? How many more additions of mechanical or electronic parts before the cyborg becomes (just) a machine? Conversely, can a machine make itself into a human being? If so, what does that say about being a human being? About being a machine? What does it do to humans to be inside machines? Can a metaphorical apparat (the apparatus of the State) become sufficiently "mechanical" that it becomes a fairly literal machine? And so forth.

In SF
In our Abbreviations for the initial Wiki, the compilers differentiate between "SF" and "S. F." "S. F." is "science fiction," and SF is "science fiction" plus related genres such as eutopias, dystopias, some fantasy, and some horror. We have declined to define "science fiction."

Stressing English-Language Works Produced 1895 on
We do cover works in languages other than English, and cite works before 1895; many of the works we cite are in English and from the latter part of what Thomas Carlyle called "the Mechanical age" ("Signs of the Times," listed under Background).

By the 1890s, in England and Western Europe and America, it became difficult not to think, at least occasionally, about machines. And in 1895, H. G. Wells published in New York and London The Time Machine: a novel with a scientist who has a wondrous machine under his control, a novel with a mechanized underworld that can enclose that machine. Anyway, for a number of reasons, including our idiosyncratic ones—such as the invention of movies in 1895—1895 and The Time Machine mark a good place to begin the serious collection of titles.

Three Final Notes
<ol> SF works often appear under variant titles or pseudonymously and/or in variant editions or translations. We have tried to alert the users of this List to the problems we know of, but we can guarantee only that there are undoubtedly additional problems we know not of.</li> At a point such as this, it is customary for bibliographers to state something like "We have attempted to examine all of the works we cite"; we haven't. If there are problems in the citations, users are invited to help correct them.</li> The MLA Style Manual (1985) says that citations to films usually include "the title, underlined," plus "the distributor, and the year" (section 4.8.6); and current usage encourages citing also the country of production. These requirements seem straightforward; given the complexities of the film industry, however, they are not. Our citations to films, then, will give title (in CAPS, though sometimes italicized), director (or major director), main country or countries of production, distributor and/or production company, and date of completion (or copyright) and/or of release--plus other information and warnings we think will be useful to users of the List. Students of SF filmography should consult the Internet Movie Database.</li> </ol>

Acknowledgments
Acknowledgments for initial work on the Clockworks Project will be found at the end of the Introduction to Richard D. Erlich and Thomas P. Dunn's Worlds: Mechanized Environments in SF'' (1993): xvi.

In the Wiki, acknowledgements are given in the annotations, but special thanks are due to Bobby Maly for his work on Literary Criticism, and to Mark Wilson, our web designer and Wiki-Master.

Copyright Notice
A Multimedia Bibliography of Works Useful for the Study of the Human/Machine Interface in SF by Richard D. Erlich, Thomas P. Dunn. Copyright &copy; 1993 by the authors. All rights reserved. Reproduced with permission of ABC-CLIO, LLC, Santa Barbara, CA.